[282][283] It also hosted the Turkish Motorcycle Grand Prix between 2005 and 2007. New York City (NYC), often called simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. [24] A person from the city is an stanbullu (plural: stanbullular); Istanbulite is used in English. In English the stress is on the first or last syllable, but in Turkish it is on the second syllable (-tan-). [208] The community had more than 15,000 members during Atatrk's presidency in the 1920s and 1930s, but today is reduced to only a few hundreds, according to Italo-Levantine writer Giovanni Scognamillo. 19.2C vs 16.2C 4.1C higher average temperature? [160] An example of which is the imperial Nuruosmaniye Mosque. [79] A series of wars in the early 20th century, such as the Italo-Turkish War (19111912) and the Balkan Wars (19121913), plagued the ailing empire's capital and resulted in the 1913 Ottoman coup d'tat, which brought the regime of the Three Pashas. [169] All members of the district councils and the Municipal Council, including the metropolitan mayor, are elected to five-year terms. [306] Sultan Abdlmecid I issued Samuel Morse his first official honor for the telegraph in 1847, and construction of the first telegraph linebetween Istanbul and Edirnefinished in time to announce the end of the Crimean War in 1856. [231][232], 13.4 million foreign tourists visited the city in 2018, making Istanbul the world's fifth most-visited city in that year. Since 2004, the municipal boundaries of Istanbul have been coincident with the boundaries of its province. [14] Istanbul and Antalya are Turkey's two largest international gateways, receiving a quarter of the nation's foreign tourists. Apart from the natural flora Platanus orentalis, horse chestnut, cypress and stone pine make up the introduced species that got acclimatized to Istanbul. "Continuity and Change in Nineteenth-Century Istanbul: Sultan Abdulaziz and the Beylerbeyi Palace", Filiz Yeniehirliolu. [203] There are today 50,000 to 70,000 Armenians in Istanbul[204] down from a peak of 164,000 in 1913. Turkish National Movement 1923 The Ottoman Parliament was dissolved by the Allies on 11 April 1920 and the Ottoman delegation led by Damat Ferid Pasha was forced to sign the Treaty of Svres on 10 August 1920. [47], The establishment of Constantinople was one of Constantine's most lasting accomplishments, shifting Roman power eastward as the city became a center of Greek culture and Christianity. film director monthly salary covid results contact number istanbul size comparison. [20], The name stanbul (Turkish pronunciation:[istanbu] (listen), colloquially Turkish pronunciation:[stambu]) is commonly held to derive from the Medieval Greek phrase " " (pronounced Greek pronunciation:[is tim bolin]), which means "to the city"[21] and is how Constantinople was referred to by the local Greeks. Modern authors have linked it to the Thracian toponym Lygos,[31] mentioned by Pliny the Elder as an earlier name for the site of Byzantium. Popular during the summer among Istanbulites is Belgrad Forest, spreading across 5,500 hectares (14,000 acres) at the northern edge of the city. [341] Most visitors enter Istanbul by air, but about half a million foreign tourists enter the city by sea each year. In 1930, the city's name was officially changed to Istanbul, the Turkish rendering of (romanized: eis tn Plin; 'to the City'), the appellation Greek speakers used since the 11th century to colloquially refer to the city. [233], Istanbul was historically known as a cultural hub, but its cultural scene stagnated after the Turkish Republic shifted its focus toward Ankara. As the eastern capital of the empire, the city was named Nova Roma; most called it Constantinople, a name that persisted into the 20th century. [71] Money could not protect the rich from all the discomforts and harsher sides of Istanbul. Hafta", "Istanbul to host 2020 Champions League final, Uefa confirms", "2008/09: Pitmen strike gold in Istanbul", "Aolu Sues Partners in Joint Project Over Ali Sami Yen Land", "Regulations of the UEFA European Football Championship 201012", "Regulations of the UEFA Europa League 2010/11", "2010 FIBA World Championship Istanbul: Arenas", "Fenerbahce Ulker's new home, Ulker Sports Arena, opens", "2020 Olympics: Six cities lodge bids for the games", "Turkey Grand Prix Heads for the Scrapyard Over $26m Price Tag", "Turkish Grand Prix 2020 (12-15 November 2020)", "2021 F1 calendar reshuffled as Turkey drops off and extra Austria race added", "Turkish Grand Prix to rejoin 2021 Formula 1 calendar", "Powerboat P1 2009 World Championship Istanbul, Turkey", "2012 Yar Program ve Genel Yar Talimat", "Young editor to take helm of Turkish-Armenian weekly", "Istanbul and the History of Water in Istanbul", "Short History of Electrical Energy in Turkey", "YILLAR TBARIYLA YAPIMI TAMAMLANMI OTOYOLLAR (2021)", "Lengths of State Highways according to surface types by Provinces (Km)(2021)", "Plan for New Bosphorus Bridge Sparks Row Over Future of Istanbul", "Istanbul's $1.3BN Eurasia Tunnel prepares to open", "Istanbul Commuters Skeptical of Transit Change", "GEBZE-HALKALI BANLY HATTI 2018 SONUNDA HZMETE GRYOR", "EBRD Supports Privatisation of Ferry Operations in Istanbul", "How Your Greek Summer Holiday Can Help Save Greece", "2012 Sees End of Line for Haydarpaa Station", "Eurolines GermanyDeutsche Touring GmbHEuropabus", "Last flight leaves Ataturk as Istanbul switches airports", "Turkish Airlines relocates to new Istanbul Airport", "Turkish Airlines is switching to a new Istanbul airport all in 45 hours", "Sabiha Gken: New Terminal Lands on Time and Budget", "Sabiha Gken Named World's Fastest Growing Airport", "Preliminary 2013 World Airport Traffic and Rankings", INVENTORY OF EXISTING SPECIES AND THEIR HABITATS IN THE BOSPHORUS AREA, "Deniz Kirliliini nlemeye likin Hedefler", "Rangers keep an eye on Istanbul's wildlife during winter", "How the street cats of Istanbul landed on their feet", "stanbul'da istilac yeil papaan uyars: Saylar 5-6 bini geti, kent faunas bozulabilir", "Understanding Vehicular Pollution AQI, Harmful Effects and How to Reduce It? [50][51] Constantinople's location also ensured its existence would stand the test of time; for many centuries, its walls and seafront protected Europe against invaders from the east and the advance of Islam. Analysts say that number would balloon to almost $90 billion by 2030. [172][175] The Provincial Administration's duties are largely limited to the building and maintenance of schools, residences, government buildings, and roads, and the promotion of arts, culture, and nature conservation. Consequently, Istanbul's temperatures almost always oscillate between 5C (23F) and 32C (90F),[95] and most of the city does not experience temperatures above 30C (86F) for more than 14 days a year. [223] The city's gross domestic product adjusted by PPP stood at US$537.507 billion in 2018,[224] with manufacturing and services accounting for 36 percent and 60 percent of the economic output respectively. WebIstanbul is located on two sides over two continents, one of which is the European side (Avrupa Yakas) and the other is the Asian side (Anadolu Yakas). [187][188], According to 2020 TK data around 2.1 million people in a population of over 15.4 million have been registered[g] in Istanbul, meanwhile the vast majority of the residents ultimately originate from Anatolian provinces, especially those in the Black Sea, Central and Eastern Anatolia regions due to internal migration since the 1950s. [171][172], District councils are chiefly responsible for waste management and construction projects within their respective districts. In: Edhem, Eldem. [176] Ali Yerlikaya has been the Governor of Istanbul Province since 26 October 2018. [180] Constantinople jostled with other major historical cities, such as Baghdad, Chang'an, Kaifeng and Merv for the position of the world's largest city until the 12th century. [167][168] The main decision-making body of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality is the Municipal Council, with members drawn from district councils. WebViella vs. Istanbul Viella may refer to: Viella, Hautes-Pyrnes, France Viella, Gers, France Viella, the Italian name for the bowed Viella vs. Istanbul - Comparison of sizes Istanbul is home to some of Turkey's oldest sports clubs. Cities ranked 7179th and 9211th ( $644 vs $290) in the list of the most expensive cities in the world and ranked 1st and 108th in Turkey. The O-2 continues west to Edirne and the O-4 continues east to Ankara. See the Toponomy section of this article, or. [189] People registered in Kastamonu, Ordu, Giresun, Erzurum, Samsun, Malatya, Trabzon, Sinop and Rize provinces represent the biggest population groups in Istanbul, meanwhile people registered in Sivas has the highest percentage with more than 760 thousand residents in the city. [83] The Armistice of Mudros was signed on 30 October 1918 and the Allies occupied Constantinople on 13 November 1918. [158] After extensive renovation, it became one of Turkey's first national museums in 1924. [190] A 2019 survey found that only 36% of the Istanbul's population was born in the province. [318] The completed section of highway crosses the Bosphorus Strait via the Yavuz Sultan Selim (Third Bosphorus) Bridge, entered service on 26 August 2016. But I presume that Istanbul has a similar problem. [210] Romaniote and Ashkenazi communities existed in Istanbul before the conquest of Istanbul, but it was the arrival of Sephardic Jews that ushered a period of cultural flourishing. The Caalolu street on which the newspaper was printed, Bb- li Street, rapidly became the center of Turkish print media, alongside Beyolu across the Golden Horn. [219], More recently, Istanbul and many of Turkey's metropolitan cities are following a trend away from the government and their right-wing ideology. [157], The imperial mosques include Fatih Mosque, Bayezid Mosque, Yavuz Selim Mosque, Sleymaniye Mosque, Sultan Ahmed Mosque (the Blue Mosque), and Yeni Mosque, all of which were built at the peak of the Ottoman Empire, in the 16th and 17th centuries. 1551 people/km vs 2662 people/km 3.68$ cheaper monthly public transport ticket? Its only cheap for tourists. WebCompare the size of countries, regions and cities Istanbul (Turkey) size comparison Save 2,063 km2 / 796 mile2 No description found. Turkey 1923Present, Neolithic artifacts, uncovered by archeologists at the beginning of the 21st century, indicate that Istanbul's historic peninsula was settled as far back as the 6th millennium BCE. London (UK) London is the capital [130], The Fatih district, which was named after Sultan Mehmed II (Turkish: Fatih Sultan Mehmed), corresponds to what was, until the Ottoman conquest in 1453, the whole of the city of Constantinople (today is the capital district and called the historic peninsula of Istanbul) on the southern shore of the Golden Horn, across the medieval Genoese citadel of Galata on the northern shore. [49] Constantine also undertook a major renovation and expansion of the Hippodrome of Constantinople; accommodating tens of thousands of spectators, the hippodrome became central to civic life and, in the 5th and 6th centuries, the center of episodes of unrest, including the Nika riots. [100] Within the city, rainfall varies widely owing to the rain shadow of the hills in Istanbul, from around 600 millimeters (24in) on the southern fringe at Florya to 1,200 millimeters (47in) on the northern fringe at Baheky. The whole city was generally known as Constantinople or under other names. All scheduled commercial passenger flights were transferred from Istanbul Atatrk Airport to Istanbul Airport on 6 April 2019, following the closure of Istanbul Atatrk Airport for scheduled passenger flights. [95][106] Snowfall varies widely between years and different areas of the city, with districts facing north more prone to receive snow than southerly ones. Altay, Volkan; Ouml, Brahim Lker; zyiit; Yarci, Celal (31 January 2010). Despite efforts to make Ankara Turkey's cultural heart, Istanbul had the country's primary institution of art until the 1970s. While Istanbul's Greek population was exempted from the 1923 population exchange with Greece, changes in tax status and the 1955 anti-Greek pogrom prompted thousands to leave. 3C higher average maximum temperature? [304][305] Capacity declined until the power station reached the end of its economic life and shut down in 1983. Istanbul is a transcontinental city in Eurasia, straddling the Bosporus strait (which separates Europe and Asia) between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea. Its commercial and historical center lies on the European side and about a third of its population lives on the Asian side. The forest originally supplied water to the city and remnants of reservoirs used during Byzantine and Ottoman times survive.[145][146]. Based on state register data, which is unchangeable and inhereted from the family. [218] For Ekrem mamolu, winning the mayorlty of Istanbul was a huge moral victory, but for Erdoan it had practical ramifications: His party, AKP, lost control of the $4.8billion municipal budget, which had sustained patronage at the point of delivery of many public services for 25 years. [182] 64.4% of the residents live on the European side and 35.6% on the Asian side. [16], Istanbul experienced especially rapid growth during the second half of the 20th century, with its population increasing tenfold between 1950 and 2000. However, it is the Hagia Sophia that fully conveys the period of Constantinople as a city without parallel in Christendom. It is located at the southern tip of the U.S. state of New York. WebClick here for conversions of: Length, Area, Weight or Volume Click here for conversions of: Temperature and Energy Units Click here for conversions of: Clothing and Shoes (men, women, children) Length, Area, Weight, Volume Conversion Temperature and Energy Conversion Clothing and Shoe Conversion Country Overview Country Facts Public Holidays [306][309] GSM cellular networks arrived in Turkey in 1994, with Istanbul among the first cities to receive the service. Istanbul was occasionally a venue of the F1 Powerboat World Championship, with the last race on the Bosporus strait on 1213 August 2000. deportation of Armenian intellectuals on 24 April 1915, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, refugees of the Syrian Civil War in Turkey, International Council of Shopping Centers, Fatih Sultan Mehmet (Second Bosphorus) Bridge, Yavuz Sultan Selim (Third Bosphorus) Bridge, List of twin towns and sister cities of Istanbul, "The Results of Address Based Population Registration System, 2021", "Sub-national HDI Area Database Global Data Lab", "Top city destinations by overnight visitors", "Marmaray kazlarnda tarih gn na kt", "Blue Versus Green: Rocking the Byzantine Empire", Globalization, Cosmopolitanism, and the Dnme in Ottoman Salonica and Turkish Istanbul, "Turkey recovers from one earthquake and braces for more", "Turkey: New building code for earthquake resilience", "World Map of the Kppen-Geiger climate classification updated", "Updated world map of the Kppen-Geiger climate classification", "Climatologie globale Istanbul / Ataturk - Infoclimat", "Personal Weather Station Dashboard | Weather Underground", "Normales et records climatologiques 1981-2010 Istanbul / Ataturk - Infoclimat", "Comparisons of Annual Meanprecipations of Annual Meanprecipitation Gridded and Station Data: An Example from Istanbul, Turkey Yllk Ortalama Gridlenmi Ya Verisi ve stasyon Ya Verisinin Karlatrlmas, stanbul rnei USTAOLU Marmara Corafya Dergisi", "stanbul Blge Mdrl'ne Bal stasyonlarda llen Ekstrem Deerler", "Normales et records climatologiques 2011-2020 SARIYER - Infoclimat", "Snow Acts as a Magical Balm in an Anxious Turkey (Published 2017)", "March 1987 Cyclone (Blizzard) over the Eastern Mediterranean and Balkan Region Associated with Blocking", 10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<3036:MCBOTE>2.0.CO;2, "Rivista Ligure di Meteorologia 44 - La neve sulle coste del Mediterraneo", "Normales et records climatologiques 1991-2020 Istanbul / Ataturk - Infoclimat", "weather istanbul - turkey - weatheronline", "Gov't forced to take measures amid below average rainfall across Turkey", "Lightning electrifies Istanbul, northwestern Turkey skies as thunderstorms take over", "Istanbul flood result of Turkey's climate change", "Climate Explorer: Yearly cycle and anomalies over", "Koppen climate classification | Definition, System, & Map", "Appendix D: Koppen-Trewartha Climate Classification Descriptions", "Temperature to increase significantly in Turkey in 30 years due to global warming, warns climate expert", "Xeriscaping Feasibility as an Urban Adaptation Method for Global Warming: A Case Study from Turkey", Istanbul Office Market General Overview: Third Quarter 2021, WCTR Society & Unyu Seisaku Kenky Kik 2004, "Gov't launches plan to fight illegal construction", "Poor but Proud Istanbul Neighborhood Faces Gentrification", "Forced gentrification plan spells end for old Roma district in Istanbul", "New city construction to begin in six months", "Water Supply Systems, Reservoirs, Charity and Free Fountains, Turkish Baths", "Illustration of the Lake (later Sea) of Marmara and the formation of the Turkish Straits after the Black Sea deluge", Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 2008, "Population of Istanbul in Turkey from 2007 to 2019", "Address Based Population Registration System Results of 2010", "The Results of Address Based Population Registration System, 2019", "File 11a: The 30 Largest Urban Agglomerations Ranked by Population Size at Each Point in Time, 19502035", "Starting Up in Turkey: Expats Getting Organized", "International Migration Statistics, 2019", "Doum yerlerine gre stanbul nfusu ve i gler", "stanbul'da en ok nereli var: stanbul'da en ok hangi ilden vatanda yayor? The deportation of Armenian intellectuals on 24 April 1915 was among the major events which marked the start of the Armenian genocide during WWI. Sergius and Bacchus, the Church of Theotokos Pammakaristos, the Monastery of the Pantocrator, the Monastery of Christ Pantepoptes, the Hagia Theodosia, the Church of Theotokos Kyriotissa, the Monastery of Constantine Lips, the Church of Myrelaion, the Hagios Theodoros, etc. [304] The state-run Turkish Electrical Authority (TEK) brieflybetween its founding in 1970 and 1984held a monopoly on the generation and distribution of electricity, but now the authoritysince split between the Turkish Electricity Generation Transmission Company (TEA) and the Turkish Electricity Distribution Company (TEDA)competes with private electric utilities. [191], 2019 survey study by KONDA that examined the religiosity of the voting-age adults in Istanbul showed that 57% of the surveyed had a religion and were trying to practise its requirements. [citation needed], Following the Turkish War of Independence (19191922), the Grand National Assembly of Turkey in Ankara abolished the Sultanate on 1 November 1922, and the last Ottoman Sultan, Mehmed VI, was declared persona non grata. One-fifth of all district council members, including the district mayors, also represent their districts in the Municipal Council. [42] Byzantium's decision to side with the Roman usurper Pescennius Niger against Emperor Septimius Severus cost it dearly; by the time it surrendered at the end of 195 CE, two years of siege had left the city devastated. [162] The city, considered capital of the larger Istanbul Province, is administered by the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (MMI), which oversees the 39 districts of the city-province. There are numerous ancient monuments in the city. [340] The city's main cruise ship terminal is the Port of Istanbul in Karaky, with a capacity of 10,000 passengers per hour. [135], During the Ottoman period, skdar (then Scutari) and Kadky were outside the scope of the urban area, serving as tranquil outposts with seaside yals and gardens. Small settlements adjacent to major population centers in Turkey, including Istanbul, were merged into their respective primary cities during the early 1980s, resulting in metropolitan municipalities. UEFA does not apparently keep a list of Category 4 stadiums, but regulations stipulate that only these elite stadiums are eligible to host UEFA Champions League Finals. 4). Roe deer, wild boars, foxes, coyotes, martens, badgers, wolves, weasels, wildcats, squirrels and reed cats have been documented to live inside the boundaries of Istanbul Province. [373], Metropolitan municipality and Province in Marmara, Turkey, Originally a church, later a mosque, the 6th-century, Two aerial photos showing the Golden Horn and the Bosporus, taken from a German zeppelin on 19 March 1918, Rise and fall of Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire, Until the early 20th century, along with other names. mamolu won the vote with 48.77% of the vote, against Yldrm's 48.61%, but the elections were controversially annulled by the Supreme Electoral Council due to AKP's claim of electoral fraud. Along the European side, and close to the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge, is Emirgan Park, which was known as the Kyparades (Cypress Forest) during the Byzantine period. [242] Istanbul also became the heart of Turkey's nascent film industry, although Turkish films were not consistently developed until the 1950s. [276] Despite the construction boom, five bids for the Summer Olympicsin 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, and 2020and national bids for UEFA Euro 2012 and UEFA Euro 2016 have ended unsuccessfully. [89], Istanbul is located in north-western Turkey and straddles the straitBosporus, which provides the only passage from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean via the Sea of Marmara. The BBC has a regional office in Istanbul, assisting its Turkish-language news operations, and the American news channel CNN established the Turkish-language CNN Trk there in 1999. [10], Over 13.4 million foreign visitors came to Istanbul in 2018, eight years after it was named a European Capital of Culture, making it the world's eighth most visited city. [128] [60], Various economic and military policies instituted by Andronikos II, such as the reduction of military forces, weakened the empire and left it vulnerable to attack. Fares across modes are integrated, using the contactless Istanbulkart, introduced in 2009, or the older Akbil electronic ticket device. [4] Istanbul is the most populous European city,[c] and the world's 15th-largest city. [210] In marked contrast to Jews in Europe, Ottoman Jews were allowed to work in any profession. The Istanbul Biennial is a contemporary art exhibition that has been held biennially since 1987. [225], Istanbul, which straddles the Bosporus strait, houses international ports that link Europe and Asia. [19] Constantinople comes from the Latin name Constantinus, after Constantine the Great, the Roman emperor who refounded the city in 324 CE. [148] The Roman emperor Constantius II (r. 337361 CE) had it and another obelisk transported along the River Nile to Alexandria for commemorating his ventennalia or 20 years on the throne in 357. [174], With the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality and Istanbul Province having equivalent jurisdictions, few responsibilities remain for the provincial government. Cognizant that revitalization would fail without the repopulation of the city, Mehmed II welcomed everyoneforeigners, criminals, and runaways showing extraordinary openness and willingness to incorporate outsiders that came to define Ottoman political culture. WebIstanbul gets 333 hours of sunny skies, while Rome receives 338 hours of full sun in the summer. The most native taxa were in the Asteraceae family (50 species), while the most diverse exotic plant family was Rosaceae (16 species).[361]. The last race of the Powerboat P1 World Championship on the Bosporus took place on 1921 June 2009. [87] From the late 1940s and early 1950s, Istanbul underwent great structural change, as new public squares, boulevards, and avenues were constructed throughout the city, sometimes at the expense of historical buildings. [80], The Ottoman Empire joined World War I (19141918) on the side of the Central Powers and was ultimately defeated. Organized between 2003 and 2013, Rock'n Coke was the biggest open-air rock festival in Turkey, sponsored by Coca-Cola. corridors and nodes of business and shopping centers and of tall residential buildings. [101] Furthermore, while the city itself lies in USDA hardiness zones 9a to 9b, its inland suburbs lie in zone 8b with isolated pockets of zone 8a, restricting the cultivation of cold-hardy subtropical plants to the coasts. However, it was re-converted into a mosque in July 2020. [56] They established the Latin Empire in place of the Orthodox Byzantine Empire. Galatasaray High School was established in 1481 and is the oldest public high school in Turkey.[298]. [290][312] Many of these private hospitals, as well as some of the public hospitals, are equipped with high-tech equipment, including MRI machines, or associated with medical research centers. The Neolithic settlement in the Yenikap quarter on the European side, which dates back to c. 6500 BCE and predates the formation of the Bosporus strait by approximately a millennium (when the Sea of Marmara was still a lake)[147] was discovered during the construction of the Marmaray railway tunnel. [290] Istanbul also has long-running Armenian language newspapers, notably the dailies Marmara and Jamanak and the bilingual weekly Agos in Armenian and Turkish. To give you some comparison the Great Pyramids of Egypt are approximately 449.5 feet tall. [135], As a result of Istanbul's exponential growth in the 20th century, a significant portion of the city is composed of gecekondus (literally "built overnight"), referring to illegally constructed squatter buildings. [169] Since the government operates under a "powerful mayor, weak council" approach, the council's leaderthe metropolitan mayorhas the authority to make swift decisions, often at the expense of transparency. 4 million. [170] The Municipal Council is advised by the Metropolitan Executive Committee, although the committee also has limited power to make decisions of its own. [46] On 11 May 330, Constantinople was proclaimed the capital of the Roman Empire, which was later permanently divided between the two sons of Theodosius I upon his death on 17 January 395, when the city became the capital of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire. Hours later, the sultan rode to the Hagia Sophia and summoned an imam to proclaim the Islamic creed, converting the grand cathedral into an imperial mosque due to the city's refusal to surrender peacefully. Chestnut, oak, elm, linden, ash and locust comprises the most prominent tree genera. The obelisk that would become the Obelisk of Theodosius remained in Alexandria until 390 CE, when Theodosius I (r. 379395 CE) had it transported to Constantinople and put up on the spina of the Hippodrome there. [136] However, KozyataAtaehir, Altunizade, Kavack and mraniye, all together having around 1.4 million sqm of class-A office space) are now important "edge cities", i.e. WebThis tool allows you to see the relative size of one country compared to another. The O-2, O-3, and O-4 are part of European route E80 (the Trans-European Motorway) between Portugal and the IranTurkey border. [202] Greeks and Armenians form the largest Christian population in the city. Sephardic Jews settled in the city after their expulsion from Spain and Portugal in 1492 and 1497. [74] Bridges across the Golden Horn were constructed during this period,[75] and Constantinople was connected to the rest of the European railway network in the 1880s. [362] Bluefish, bonito, sea bass, horse mackerel and anchovies composes the economically important species. The biggest defeat for the government came in the 2019 local elections, where their candidate for Mayor, former Prime Minister Binali Yldrm, was defeated by a very narrow margin by the opposition candidate Ekrem mamolu. [105], According to a study, an average of more than 60 centimeters (24in) of snow falls every year on the area of the airport, making Istanbul the snowiest major city in the Mediterranean basin, despite not having the cold winters typical of snowy cities. The presence of feral cats in Istanbul (Turkish: sokak kedisi) is noted to be very prevalent, with estimates ranging from a hundred thousand to over a million stray cats. [71] Although the Sultan lived at a safe remove from the masses, and the wealthy and poor tended to live side by side, for the most part Istanbul was not zoned as modern cities are. Occupation of Istanbul 19181923 Istanbul's weather is strongly influenced by the Sea of Marmara to the south, and the Black Sea to the north. Istanbul-based Star TV was the first private television network to be established following the end of the TRT monopoly; Star TV and Show TV (also based in Istanbul) remain highly popular throughout the country, airing Turkish and American series. Some of the most renowned and highly ranked universities in Turkey are in Istanbul. The high quality of healthcare, especially in private hospitals, has contributed to a recent upsurge in medical tourism to Turkey (with a 40 percent increase between 2007 and 2008). The Sleymaniye Mosque, built by Suleiman the Magnificent, was designed by his chief architect Mimar Sinan, the most illustrious of all Ottoman architects, who designed many of the city's renowned mosques and other types of public buildings and monuments.[155]. Turkish Straits and Sea of Marmara play a vital role for migrating fish and other marine animals between Mediterranean, Marmara and Black Sea. [70] There was a huge new palace to rival, if not overshadow, the old one, a new covered market (still standing as the Grand Bazaar), porticoes, pavilions, walkways, as well as more than a dozen new mosques. [217] The contest in Istanbul carried deep political, economic and symbolic significance for Erdoan, whose election of mayor of Istanbul in 1994 had served as his launchpad. The other obelisk was erected on the spina of the Circus Maximus in Rome in the autumn of that year, and is now known as the Lateran Obelisk. "Istanbul." [349] New stations to replace both the Haydarpaa and Sirkeci terminals, and connect the city's disjointed railway networks, now the Marmaray second phase opened to the public. It Many Turkish people make about 4,000 Turkish lira, and rent costs 1,0002,300 TL. Maslak, Levent, and Bomonti are important nodes within the CBD. [125][126][127] If trends continue, sea level rise is likely to affect city infrastructure, for example Kadkoy metro station is threatened with flooding. Necdet Sakaolu (1993/94a): "stanbul'un adlar" ["The names of Istanbul"]. The Genoese fortifications in Galata were largely demolished in the 19th century, leaving only the Galata Tower, to make way for the northward expansion of the city. Over 13.4 million foreign visitors came to Istanbul in 2018, eight years after it was named a European Capital of Culture, making it the world's eighth most visited city. [141] The Turkish government also has ambitious plans for an expansion of the city west and northwards on the European side in conjunction with the new Istanbul Airport, opened in 2019; the new parts of the city will include four different settlements with specified urban functions, housing 1.5million people. Mirroring the executive committee at the municipal level, the Provincial Executive Committee includes a secretary-general and leaders of departments that advise the Provincial Parliament. Akmerkez was awarded the titles of "Europe's best" and "World's best" shopping mall by the International Council of Shopping Centers in 1995 and 1996; Istanbul Cevahir has been one of the continent's largest since opening in 2005; and Kanyon won the Cityscape Architectural Review Award in the Commercial Built category in 2006. [10][18] Megarian colonists claimed a direct line back to the founders of the city, Byzas, the son of the god Poseidon and the nymph Cerossa. [12] The city played a key role in the advancement of Christianity during Roman/Byzantine times, hosting four (including Chalcedon (Kadky) on the Asian side) of the first seven ecumenical councils (all of which were in present-day Turkey) before its transformation to an Islamic stronghold following the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 CEespecially after becoming the seat of the Ottoman Caliphate in 1517. WebWith a total population of around fifteen million residents in its metropolitan area, Istanbul is one of the world's largest cities by population, standing as the world's fifteenth-largest [192][193] According to a 2019 KONDA study, Kurds constituted around 17% of Istanbul's adult total population who were Turkish citizens. All four stadiums are elite Category 4 (formerly five-star) UEFA stadiums. [229], In 1995, keeping up with the financial trends, Borsa Istanbul moved its headquarters (which was originally located on Bankalar Caddesi, the financial center of the Ottoman Empire,[229] and later at the 4th Vakf Han building in Sirkeci) to stinye, in the vicinity of Maslak, which hosts the headquarters of numerous Turkish banks. The dominant ethnic group in the city is Turkish people, which also forms the majority group in Turkey. Works Cited Beaverstock, V. Jonathan, Richard G Smith, and Peter J. Taylor. 41.74% lower population density? Web15.5M. Because of its hilly topography and maritime influences, Istanbul exhibits a multitude of distinct microclimates. [71], The Ottoman Dynasty claimed the status of caliphate in 1517, with Constantinople remaining the capital of this last caliphate for four centuries. Kumkap along the Sea of Marmara has a pedestrian zone that hosts around fifty fish restaurants. [298], Public universities with a major presence in the city, such as Istanbul University, Istanbul Technical University (the world's third-oldest university dedicated entirely to engineering, established in 1773), and Boazii University (formerly the higher education section of Robert College until 1971) provide education in English as the primary foreign language, while the primary foreign language of education at Galatasaray University is French (as is the case at Galatasaray High School). [337], DO (Istanbul Seabuses) runs a combination of all-passenger ferries and car-and-passenger ferries to ports on both sides of the Bosphorus, as far north as the Black Sea. [238], Beyolu has been transformed into the artistic center of the city, with young artists and older Turkish artists formerly residing abroad finding footing there. They come in Brilliant and Natural Finish, in Sizes 14" Hihat, 20" Ride, 16" & 18" Crash. Istanbul has more than 93 colleges and universities,[298] with 400,000 students[299] enrolled in 2016. [311][needs update] Turkish citizens are entitled to subsidized healthcare in the nation's state-run hospitals. Over the next four centuries, the Ottomans transformed Istanbul's urban landscape with a vast building scheme that included the construction of towering mosques and ornate palaces. Istanbul's foreign population with a residence permit increased dramatically, from 43,000 in 2007[186] to 856,377 in 2019. WebIt offers 109% more cargo space. Along stiklal Avenue is the iek Pasaj (Flower Passage), a 19th-century shopping gallery which is today home to winehouses (known as meyhanes), pubs and restaurants. The current city structure can be traced back to the Tanzimat period of reform in the 19th century, before which Islamic judges and imams led the city under the auspices of the Grand Vizier. [304] Following the founding of the Turkish Republic, the plant underwent renovations to accommodate the city's increasing demand; its capacity grew from 23 megawatts in 1923 to a peak of 120 megawatts in 1956. How to Choose SizeXS36R, S38R, M40R, L42R, XL44R, XXL46R. [18] Modern excavations have raised the possibility that the name Byzantium might reflect the sites of native Thracian settlements that preceded the fully-fledged town. Leaving aboard the British warship HMS Malaya on 17 November 1922, he went into exile and died in Sanremo, Italy, on 16 May 1926. According to survey data 78% of the voting-age Turkish citizens in Istanbul state "Turkish" as their ethnic identity. WebWith a total population of around fifteen million residents in its metropolitan area, Istanbul is one of the world's largest cities by population, standing as the world's fifteenth-largest [244] The Turkish film industry ramped up in the second half of the century, and with Uzak (2002) and My Father and My Son (2005), both filmed in Istanbul, the nation's movies began to see substantial international success. The Treaty of Lausanne was signed on 24 July 1923, and the occupation of Constantinople ended with the departure of the last forces of the Allies from the city on 4 October 1923. 13. 30 million. [191][201], Into the 19th century, the Christians of Istanbul tended to be either Greek Orthodox, members of the Armenian Apostolic Church or Catholic Levantines. [372], Algal blooms and red tides were reported in Sea of Marmara and Bosporus (especially in Golden Horn), and regularly happen in urban lakes such as Lake Bykekmece and Kkekmece. [15] In 2019, companies based in Istanbul produced exports worth $83.66 billion and received imports totaling $128.34 billion; these figures were equivalent to 47 percent and 61 percent, respectively, of the national totals. [268] kr Saracolu Stadium, Fenerbahe's home field, hosted the 2009 UEFA Cup Final three years after its completion. The Sultan Ahmed Mosque (Blue Mosque), another landmark of the city, faces the Hagia Sophia at Sultanahmet Square (Hippodrome of Constantinople). Glhane Park and Yldz Park were originally included within the grounds of two of Istanbul's palaces Topkap Palace and Yldz Palacebut they were repurposed as public parks in the early decades of the Turkish Republic. [363][dubious discuss]Common bottlenose dolphin (Turkish: afalina), short-beaked common dolphin (Turkish: trtak) and harbor porpoise (Turkish: mutur) make up the marine mammals presently found in the Bosporus and surrounding waters, though since the 1950s the number of dolphin observations has become increasingly rare. [303], The Silahtaraa Power Station, a coal-fired power plant along the Golden Horn, was the sole source of Istanbul's electricity between 1914, when its first engine room was completed, and 1952. [261] Since 2015, all types of parades at Taksim Square and stiklal Avenue (where, in 2013, the Gezi Park protests took place) have been denied permission by the AKP government, citing security concerns, but hundreds of people have defied the ban each year. [298], Istanbul is also home to several conservatories and art schools, including Mimar Sinan Academy of Fine Arts, founded in 1882. [185] This growth was fueled by internal and international migration. [40] Byzantium then continued as part of the Athenian League and its successor, the Second Athenian League, before gaining independence in 355 BCE. Emirgan Park is known for its diversity of plants and an annual tulip festival is held there since 2005. Byzantium (Under Athens) 478 BC404 BC Critics have claimed that the bans were in fact due to ideological reasons. [15] Istanbul has three major shipping ports the Port of Haydarpaa, the Port of Ambarl, and the Port of Zeytinburnu as well as several smaller ports and oil terminals along the Bosporus and the Sea of Marmara. The feral cats in the city have gained widespread media and public attention and are considered to be symbols of the city. Web14.9 million. 24% of the surveyed also identified themselves as "religious conservatives". The O-1 forms the city's inner ring road, traversing the 15 July Martyrs (First Bosphorus) Bridge, and the O-2 is the city's outer ring road, crossing the Fatih Sultan Mehmet (Second Bosphorus) Bridge. Among Turkey's first private stations, and the first featuring foreign popular music, was Istanbul's Metro FM (97.2 FM). [365] Apart from the wild land mammals Istanbul hosts a sizeable stray animal population. WebIstanbul London vs Istanbul Informations London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom. Between the four corners of the obelisk and the pedestal are four bronze cubes, used in its transportation and re-erection. The cost of living in Istanbul is 122% more expensive than in Konya. [191], Istanbul has been a cosmopolitan city throughout much of its history, but it has become more homogenized since the end of the Ottoman era. [18] Some Ottoman sources of the 17th century, such as Evliya elebi, describe it as the common Turkish name of the time; between the late 17th and late 18th centuries, it was also in official use. This reflected its status as the only major city in the vicinity. [18] Constantinople remained the most common name for the city in the West until the 1930s, when Turkish authorities began to press for the use of "Istanbul" in foreign languages. Marmaray rail line has 76.6km, and the full line opened on 12 March 2019. 16.1C vs 12C 87.14% lower population [131] Galata (Karaky) is today a quarter within the Beyolu (Pera) district, which forms Istanbul's commercial and entertainment center and includes stiklal Avenue and Taksim Square. [48] During most of the Middle Ages, the latter part of the Byzantine era, Constantinople was the largest and wealthiest city on the European continent and at times the largest in the world. [159] Government meetings took place here until 1786, when the seat of government was moved to the Sublime Porte. [211] By 1711, using the printing press, books came to be published in Spanish and Ladino, Yiddish, and Hebrew. New York City (US) New York City (NYC), often called simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. Among the oldest surviving examples of Ottoman architecture in Istanbul are the Anadoluhisar and Rumelihisar fortresses, which assisted the Ottomans during their siege of the city. 1C higher average maximum temperature? [195] Zazas are also present in the city and constitute around 1% of the total voting-age population. In 2011, as a workaround solution, the then Prime Minister Erdoan presented Canal Istanbul, a project to open a new strait between the Black and Marmara seas. We'll show you the perimeters of two different countries on the same map. Compare to .. Filter Random map Iceberg A-68 Abbottabad city (Pakistan) Abkhazia Acre Australian Capital Territory Andorra Adriatic [302] Today, Istanbul has a chlorinated and filtered water supply and a sewage treatment system managed by the Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration (stanbul Su ve Kanalizasyon daresi, SK). [25], Byzantium 667 BC510 BC [335] Until then, buses provide transportation within and between the two-halves of the city, accommodating 2.2 million passenger trips each day. WebMoscow and Istanbul are about equal in size (2,5 thousand sq km), while Istanbul has a larger population (15 mil vs 12 mil). The AKP government had supported a 'Yes' vote and won the vote nationally due to high support in rural parts of the country. [32], The history of the city proper begins around 660 BCE,[10][33][d] when Greek settlers from Megara established Byzantium on the European side of the Bosporus. [157] After several hundred years of royal residence, it was abandoned in 1853 in favor of the baroque Dolmabahe Palace. WebIstanbul Airport Transfer / Private Airport Transfer: $3.73 Istanbul Airports Transfer: $6.22 istanbul airport cheapest vip transfer by private car: $14 Safe Airport transfer service in istanbul: $16 Private Airport Transfer Arrival or Departure in Istanbul: $17 Istanbul's main bus station is the largest in Europe, with a daily capacity of 15,000 buses and 600,000 passengers, serving destinations as distant as Frankfurt.[350][351]. [251] The city has numerous shopping centers, from the historic to the modern. It is also larger in size and has a lower population density, although the overall population of Istanbul is significantly higher than that of London. [237] When additional universities and art journals were founded in Istanbul during the 1980s, artists formerly based in Ankara moved in. [17][148], There are traces of the Byzantine era throughout the city, from ancient churches that were built over early Christian meeting places like the Hagia Irene, the Chora Church, the Monastery of Stoudios, the Church of Sts. [15], Shipping is a significant part of the city's economy, with 73.9 percent of exports and 92.7 percent of imports in 2018 executed by sea. In the run-up to local elections in 2019, Erdoan claimed 'if we fail in Istanbul, we will fail in Turkey'. The Fourth Crusade was diverted from its purpose in 1204, and the city was sacked and pillaged by the crusaders. [h], The Sinan Erdem Dome, among the largest indoor arenas in Europe, hosted the final of the 2010 FIBA World Championship, the 2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships, as well as the 201112 Euroleague and 201617 EuroLeague Final Fours. [315], Istanbul's motorways network are the O-1, O-2, O-3, O-4 and O-7. [258], Istanbul is known for its historic seafood restaurants. [243] Since then, Istanbul has been the most popular location to film Turkish dramas and comedies. WebCompare the size of countries, regions and cities Istanbul (Turkey) is 2.64 times as big as New York City (US) Istanbul (Turkey) No description found. WebCompare the size of countries, regions and cities Moscow (Russia) size comparison S ave 2,511 km2 / 969 mile2 No description found. [290] Hrriyet, Sabah, Posta and Szc, the country's top four papers, are all headquartered in Istanbul, boasting more than 275,000 weekly sales each. [277], The TVF Burhan Felek Sport Hall is one of the major volleyball arenas in the city and hosts clubs such as Eczacba VitrA, Vakfbank SK, and Fenerbahe who have won numerous European and World Championship titles. [306], In 2000, Istanbul had 137 hospitals, of which 100 were private. 11% stated they were fully devoted to their religion, meanwhile 6% were non-believers who did not believe the rules and requirements of a religion. As a result, the current height of the obelisk is only 18.54 meters, or 25.6 meters if the base is included. [297], In 2015, more than 57,000 students attended 7,934 schools,[298] including the renowned Galatasaray High School, Kabata Erkek Lisesi, and Istanbul Lisesi. The Istanbul International Music Festival has been held annually since 1973, and the International Istanbul Film Festival has been held annually since 1982. [107] The highest recorded snow cover in the city center was 80 centimeters (31in) on 4 January 1942, and 104 centimeters (41in) in the northern suburbs on 11 January 2017. [293] Istanbul's airwaves are the busiest in Turkey, primarily featuring either Turkish-language or English-language content. Istanbul became one of the world's most important Jewish centers in the 16th and 17th century. Istanbul's first private university, Ko University, was founded as late as 1992, because private universities were not allowed in Turkey before the 1982 amendment to the constitution. For the purpose of parliamentary elections, Istanbul is divided into three electoral districts; two on the European side and one on the Asian side, electing 28, 35 and 35 MPs respectively. [58] Constantinople's churches, defenses, and basic services were in disrepair,[59] and its population had dwindled to a hundred thousand from half a million during the 8th century. Beikta JK, established in 1903, is considered the oldest of these sports clubs. Topkap Palace, dating back to 1465, is the oldest seat of government surviving in Istanbul. [149] When re-erected at the Hippodrome of Constantinople, the obelisk was mounted on a decorative base, with reliefs that depict Theodosius I and his courtiers. 16.1C vs 14.2C 73.89% lower osannye (Ottoman Turkish: ) and stanbul were the names used alternatively by the Ottomans during their rule. Constantinople jostled with other major historical cities, such as Baghdad, Chang'an, Kaifeng and Merv for the position of the world's largest city until the 1 [323][324] Apart from the three Bosphorus Bridges, the dual-deck, 14.6-kilometer (9.1mi) Eurasia Tunnel (which entered service on 20 December 2016) under the Bosphorus strait also provides road crossings for motor vehicles between the Asian and European sides of Turkey. 2.23M. WebWith a population of around 8.7 million in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area of Greater Tehran, Tehran is the most populous city in Iran and Western Asia, and [300], Istanbul's first water supply systems date back to the city's early history, when aqueducts (such as the Valens Aqueduct) deposited the water in the city's numerous cisterns. [26] The oldest known human settlement on the Asian side is the Fikirtepe Mound near Kadky, with relics dating to c. 5500-3500 BCE (Chalcolithic period). [148] Built of red granite, 31m (100ft) high, it came from the Temple of Karnak in Luxor, and was erected there by Pharaoh Thutmose III (r. 14791425 BCE) to the south of the seventh pylon. Apart from the city's numerous stadiums, sports halls and concert halls, there are several open-air venues for concerts and festivals, such as the Cemil Topuzlu Open-Air Theatre in Harbiye, Paraf Kurueme Open-Air on the Bosphorus shore in Kurueme, and Parkorman in the forest of Maslak. 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